Technology as a Core strength of the Nation

Technology as a Core strength of the Nation,Nigeria-Onyeka Elue What is Technology? The word 'Technology' is derived from a Greek word 'Techne' and it means art, skill, the science of craft. The English Oxford dictionary defines Technology as the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes with specific interests in industry. Technology is as old as man. Man has always shown the tenacity to develop his environment in building shelter (caves to posh luxurious home styles),fabrication of crude hunting tools (knives, bows and arrows) to modern day weaponry(guns, bombs, etc.),as a source of energy from cooking with fire and warming oneself to cooking with propane gas and electricity and developing domestic water heater and built-in fire place in the home respectively, means of transportation(walking) to building aeroplanes as means of travel to mention a few. Technology as a core strength of a nation is evidence that powerful nations in the world today rose to great heights by investing in its technological advancement in the following fields;-Agriculture-Business-Communication-Defense and Security-Education-Science-Travel and Tourism-Medicine-Agriculture Technology has played a huge role in the development and advancement of agricultural processes and practices ranging from seedlings development to the use of heavy duty machineries in farming processes. Growth in agriculture and its productivity are considered very essential in achieving sustainable growth and significant reduction in poverty in developing

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Abstract The Scientific and technological innovations prevalent in the 21st century world have been ascribed as the benchmark of industrialization and development experienced in the modern world. A quantum leap made in means of transportation, communication, health and economy et al can only be anchored on the benefits which accrue from the evolution of modern science and technology in the modern world. Science and technology have undergone an observable evolutions and innovations in different fields and areas which have continued to better the lives of the world race. The study of such evolutions and innovations observable in science and technology have thus become imminent and demanding in order not just to continue making a paradigm progress in science and technology but also to curb and sieve out all forms of abuses, excesses and adulterations which accompany science and technology Our preoccupation in this review is make an excursus into what technology is all about; to conceptualize what technology is all about and to delineate in a special way the observable evolution experienced in science and technology especially in transportation, communication, health and economy using Nigeria as a case study. Analytical, conceptual and expository methods will be employed in this unique agenda.

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This paper spotlights Nigeria's technological antecedence and the factors affecting Nigeria's technological growth with a view to proffering solution for a robust technological and industrialized structural framework as a way forward to achieving sustainable technological growth. Majorly, due to relegation of useful indigenous technology as a result of distractions, inability to comprehend what actually is the meaning of technology, inability to identify her appropriate technology and the guiding principle for technology transfer, among others have made it vivid that after over fifty years of independence, Nigeria has been depending, in several areas, on foreign nations for her various technological and industrial needs. This research paper relied majorly on information sources, such as government documents, academic journals and articles, conference papers and personal observations and interactions with people carrying this same burden for Nigeria. From the study, colonialism truncated and hindered improvement in the indigenous skills and techniques of the pre-colonial economy. However, the development of indigenous skills and techniques of pre-colonial Nigeria is a prerequisite to sound technological growth, rather than depending on foreign inputs, which must be properly monitored and developed to set the pace for Nigeria's industrialization.

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Technological advancement is known to impact high rate of global development. In most parts of the world, technology has been central to overall economic growth.

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Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research (NISER) Monthly Seminar Series, November,

This paper focused on Nigeria policy prioritization between 2013 and 2019 to see how much priority she placed on education and training (skills), research (science), technology (ICT adoption) and innovation in response to the current global waves of socioeconomic transformation, necessitated by global changes in the production system and accentuated by digital and knowledge revolutions, marketization and globalization 4 (G4) and Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR). Using secondary data mainly from the World Economic Forum Global Competitiveness Reports, the paper used descriptive analysis (mainly percentages) presented in tables and figures to answer six research questions. Results revealed that the six bottommost pillars of development on Nigeria’s agenda between 2013 and 2017 were infrastructure, innovation, health and primary education, higher education and training, technological readiness and institutions. While in 2018 and 2019 when the global attention shifted in response to the demands of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), the least prioritized six pillars were ICT adoption, innovation capacities, skills, infrastructure and institutions. Understandably, between 2013 and 2019, Nigeria barely focused on the development of basic physical capital in terms of market size, labour market and macroeconomic environment. The country paid minimal attention to the holistic development of human capital (especially education) and knowledge capital (science, technological readiness or ICT adoption and innovation) that are critical complementary factors required for a meaningful physical capital development of a nation. Consequently, Nigeria was unable to make skills, science, technology and innovation topmost priorities to compete globally. Rather Nigeria made skills (education and training), technology or ICT adoption as well as innovation (including research) bottommost priorities on her recent development agenda. Based on the findings, the paper recommended that Nigeria should widen access to quality basic, secondary and higher education required to apply knowledge and technologies in solving local problems. Also, while she should improve on her efforts at absorbing existing knowledge and technologies, she should strategically prioritize indigenous knowledge, technologies and innovation for socioeconomic development. Furthermore, investment in skills, science, technology and innovation is necessary but not a sufficient condition to enhance the desirable size, speed and spread of national prosperity. Therefore, Nigeria should clear the deficits in institutions and infrastructure to capture, create, protect, adapt and apply knowledge, technology and innovation locally

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